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Ji-Nian
BIO.ACTIVE
POTYSACCHARI
DE
RESEARCH: A TREND IN THE
MAKING
Recently, many polysaccharides,
e.9., lentinan,
schizophyllan and
PSK,
PSP (both from Yunzhi), useful
for
immunomodulation and antitumor pur-
poses are isolated from categories ol
mushrooms. The beta-glucans are
main
components for immune responses.
lt
is
actually the other mixed polysaccha-
rides (mostly containing uronic
acid)
isolated together
with
lentinan
that
are
effective by mouth to qualify as "health
food". Thus,
the
lentinan content
is
not
a
criteria for its potency. Further chemi-
cal manipulation is required. Clinically,
venous
injection
ol
lentinan (from suc-
cessful research
by
the Shanghai lnsti-
tute of Materia
Medica,
the
Chinese
Academy of Sciences)
has
significant
effects on stomach cancer. Other
re-
cent polysaccharides also
have satis-
factory
results
clinically,
especially
when
used
with
chemotherapy. The
antitumor effect
is
produced indirectly
via
host immune responses
-
results
in
higher
resistance to
cancer
or
its
spread
and less prone to infections. As benefi-
cial
effects come
without toxic
efiects,
oral forms
are
recognized
as
"health
foods". Biotechnological
production
consists of obtaining polysaccharides
derived from
fruiting
bodies and cul-
tured fungal mycelium. Thus, as
they
enhance immunity responses,
this
is
probably
the
basis of the traditional
Chinese medicine concept
of optimiz-
ing
the host
internal
environment
for
the
best health
state. Nevertheless,
much
work
remains
to
be
done
on
these
re-
markable substances.
