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,,DOPINGU
AND
SPORTS
An intrinsic component of
Olym-
pic
Games
is
to
provide
fair and
equal
opportunities for all participants.
Also,
the
health of
all
participants must
be
protected. Although ergogenic
sub-
stances
to
enhance performance
are
extremely
tempting
for
the
top
achievement,
a
cyclist died
from
amphetamine overdose at
the
1960
Olympics in Rome.
ln
1964, "doping"
was finally defined
by
the
lnternational
Olympics Committee (lOC)
which
began drug testing at the
Olympics
Games
in
Mexico
City
in
1968 but
some
smart athletes were able
to
avoid
detection.
Methodology improved
by
the
'1984
Olympics in
Los
Angeles and
lurther
refined at
the
1996 Games
in
Atlanta. ln
addition
to
amphetamine,
some
athletes
use anabolic steroids
(akin
to
male hormones) as ergogenic
aids before
Olympic competitions.
However,
it
was
not
until
'1975
that their
use was banned
by
the
lOC.
Other
stories
are
related of blood
doping
(by
red blood cell
transfusion),
e$hropoi-
etin (hormone
inducing
chronic
accel-
eration
of
red blood
cell
production) or
growth hormone (to induce
general
tissue growth).
All
these have
consid-
erable
side-effects
but
the
recommen-
dations of IOC have been too slow and
cautious for the
best
safeguard
of
the
health of participants and the spirit of
competing on
a
fair and equal platform
may also be defeated.
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