H
\lr
It:
Fi,,l
;;i.l-
lq
-*
6F9.
Sun Cheng
COMPLICATIONS
OF
DIABETES REVISITED
"Ketoacidosis" (excess
acidity
and
ketone bodies
in
the blood and
urine)
is
an acute complication of diabetes.
lt
may
be
precipitated
by
infection. Symp-
toms are: unexplained weakness,
ex-
treme thirst; excessive urination;
loss
of
appetite, nausea and
vomiting,
tummy
ache,
headache, drowsiness
and confusion, etc. More severe cases
have
loss of consciousness,
severe
dehydration, weak pulse and low blood
pressure, cold
and
clammy limbs, "ke-
tone smell"
(obvious to the
experienced)
and extremely high blood sugar levels,
etc.
Hospitalize
immediately!
"Hypoglycaemia"
is
the opposite: blood
sugar
level commonly plunges when
regular anti-diabetic agents
are taken
or
injected
without taking regular
meals.
These
"unopposed"
agents
cause
symptoms
like
marked dizziness, weak-
ness and sweating. Sugars, candies,
biscuits etc, must
be
taken immediately
to
reverse it.
Other complications
are:
diabetic retinopathy or degeneration
of
the
retina
of
the eye
-
5
times commoner
in diabetics. Regular fundi examination
(of the eyes) detects early
retinal
involvement. Numbness
due to
diabetic
neuropathy
usually atfects
the
limbs
and
contributes to "diabetic foot" that
may
attract eventual amputation.
Diabetes
also predisposes
to
coronaries
and
nephritis, the
most
serious complication
of
the
kidneys
contributed also
by hy-
pertension
-
for prevention, both condi-
tions must be monitored and treated.
Above all, manage all infections well
in
diabetics, even
fungal
infections or
tu-
berculosis
may
well
be
fatal
in severe
diabetics.
ffiF'ffiA'l+{##ltrEirfiffi
€
YrH
ZKTE
H
H.+*E
+.Vtr
?{"
R
;
ffi
EFI
f,lr
m
+
E
EI
/F
EE
ft
H
Wl+
E
-
.
ffiffi,6E8ftm+*
EffiE<'ffifrtJ-t€ffiE=.'f+l*
4E
fr",
H'ft
#f
X
ffi
LEF
F-6.EE
ffi
il
ffifinzd''
EEmffi
Rf,f
#4'ft#f'l+
m+€ffi,fiihEldtrE+€"Ftr
trF'
tu1&18ffi
+ffieHfiE#f
EtfH
#fT,E'
?IEAA+,ft#f*ffi
.
f#
'14+€
(pH7.35)
'
Hfir)fE
(frr,ffi
/(+EHtit
zsomgzdl)
'
Fi&
fi
frr
i&
+
EliJ
W\h'|+.
"
nHH
R
frEW
EIfH#JA,E.,
T+Pft+E+NWF
(
[F
4+)
filfgffiJBln,
:rcfri1|ffiffilR
E4
(E+,l+ffi
Hffi +dt,ffitu
)
frflF
nE
/rlffi
ftffifi
9fi
"
EFJffi
Pl
4 rt5
I
*EM+#fiEBE+HFA€fi
"
5I
frqEEftm+€ftH_E
fti#trEts
I[Eftfi.Iil'
FFA
.
,fL[H1+EER
++f
)
fl
,L'iJltF*
"
tilrl,
ffifr
F!'tFffiFdE
'
,116'
+f,lf
'
,fttR
'w*+n
(H.-LERtrHW#)
-
frtfr.
frn/itft,
'€ftA^ffi4HM]F..R$
"JFTiF#tr"AEftM+EFI4
ffi
Rffi
(
flFe
H,f&#i
4.) ffit^&.M
Ut,
(E&
trI
AV,W
+.E+f;+{ffi
t
H!
A'
++n\
EH
I+H
Etr.frtr
l#1f'l+
trffiE+
"
UtrlFffiFFiE'
4fi,fi
H)fERffi F
tt.t
-
14.6o/o
'Ffr
#E
FR,F
E
t){
H
€fi
+E
f
[
fl
E
ED,ft
#J
*
E
L
H
++
{ld
H!
iE,IS'F
)6
.
EJ')(
E*
E?ElXiFft
'
f"Hfx-JFt€fi
8'
Eft|Jfi=
Ht*EE,F,fi,\'
afrE*ftf"
HHEffi
'
lEEEtr+€
.
Hffi)F€
.
ERJE,F€
.
i.+tr,F€=f
,
EJ6EH*E
trxffiFfit*H
'
'f
q
ttrH
H!
ffiffilnfrBfx$+3ffifiF'{Le.}t,L'[HH+
t!ffiffi
'
IffiE
'
t)(7r\EEIJ "
?
J]
2+
